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17	17	{{/showhide}}
18	18	)))
19	19
20		-
21	21	= Alternative Power =
22	22
23	23	When using untested power sources (wall adapter or battery), note that the LSS motors have a voltage input range of 6V to 12V. Using the actuator below 6V is not suggested as the electronics risk ”browning out”. Use above 13V can damage the servo. The standard / suggested battery for use with the LSS motors is an 11.1V LiPo, 3500mAh pack made up of three 3.7V 18650 cells. Alternative methods to power the servos using a battery pack include:
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38	38	* [[Switching Power Supply 12V 5A>>url:http://www.robotshop.com/en/switching-power-supply-12v-5a.html]]
39	39	* [[Phidgets Power Supply 12VDC 5A - US>>url:http://www.robotshop.com/en/phidgets-power-supply-12vdc-5a-us.html]]
40	40
41		-== Batteries ==
42	42
43		-Only Lithium battery packs tend to include an XT60 connector pre-installed on the battery which can be used directly with the LSS Adapter board. Before selecting a battery pack, it is important to know the concepts of capacity and charge. A battery’s capacity and chemistry affect two main factors:
44		-
45		-1. Maximum discharge rate: The battery should be able to provide sufficient current in the “worst case” scenario (which is specific to your design) in which the combination of servos will simultaneously consume the highest current. Normally the discharge rate of the battery is provided as multiple of the “C” rating which relates to the capacity of the battery. If there is no indication of the battery's maximum discharge rate, we suggest contacting the manufacturer for additional information. Should no information be available, that battery / pack should not be used.
46		-1. Operating time between charges: How long the servos will last with a specific battery is very hard to determine, since the current draw of each servo relates to the torque it needs to provide, and the time over which torque is applied. One must also take into consideration the number and type of servos connected to the battery, and to a lesser extent, the electronics.
47		-
48		-|**VOLTAGE**|(% style="width:75px" %)**CELLS**|(% style="width:57px" %)**CHEMISTRY**|**DESCRIPTION**
49		-|< 6V|(% style="width:75px" %) |(% style="width:57px" %) |The servos cannot operate below 6V. Note that 6V packs can often discharge to below 6V and as such the servos will start to lose power and brown out.
50		-|6V|(% style="width:75px" %)5x 1.2V|(% style="width:57px" %)NiMh|This is best used in RC servo operation where there are other RC servos which can only between 4.8V to 6V. These packs tend not to be able to provide high discharge current and the servos may brown out frequently if a high current is needed.
51		-|6V|(% style="width:75px" %)4x 1.5V |(% style="width:57px" %)Alkaline|This is best used in RC servo operation where there are other RC servos which can only between 4.8V to 6V. These packs tend not to be able to provide high discharge current and the servos may brown out frequently if a high current is needed.
52		-|6V|(% style="width:75px" %)3x 2.1V|(% style="width:57px" %)Lead Acid|Due to its heavy weight, a 6V lead acid pack is not often used in mobile robotics, but can certainly be used to power stationary servos.
53		-|7.2V|(% style="width:75px" %)6x 1.2V|(% style="width:57px" %)NiMh|This pack can be used with 7.4V "high voltage" (HV) standard RC servos. These packs tend not to be able to provide high discharge current and the servos may brown out frequently if a high current is needed.
54		-|7.4V|(% style="width:75px" %)2x 3.7V|(% style="width:57px" %)LiPo / Li-Ion|A 7.4V Lithium based battery pack is suggested for use with high voltage RC servo motors
55		-|8.4V|(% style="width:75px" %)7x 1.2V|(% style="width:57px" %)NiMh|These battery packs are not commonly used in robotics and although they can be used, do not provide any advantages over other packs. These packs tend not to be able to provide high discharge current and the servos may brown out frequently if a high current is needed.
56		-|9.6V|(% style="width:75px" %)8x 1.2V|(% style="width:57px" %)NiMh|These battery packs are not commonly used in robotics and although they can be used, do not provide any advantages over other packs. These packs tend not to be able to provide high discharge current and the servos may brown out frequently if a high current is needed.
57		-|11.1V|(% style="width:75px" %)3x 3.7V|(% style="width:57px" %)LiPo / Li-Ion|//SUGGESTED//: An 11.1V Lithium Polymer or Lithium Ion battery pack is what is suggested for use with the LSS motors in serial mode. This is due to the fact that they can discharge at higher current and for mobile operations, have a higher power density than NiMh. A charged LiPo pack can be 12.6V, which the servos can accept.
58		-|12V|(% style="width:75px" %)10x 1.2V|(% style="width:57px" %)NiMh|If an 11.1V Lithium battery pack is not available, a 12V NiMh pack can be considered. However, note that an NiMh pack tends not to be able to provide high discharge current and as such you may be limited to the total number of servos. A charged 12V battery pack would provide ~~12.5 which the servos can accept.
59		-|12V|(% style="width:75px" %)6x 2V|(% style="width:57px" %)Lead Acid|Due to its heavyweight, a 12V lead acid pack is not often used in mobile robotics, but can certainly be used to power stationary servos.
60		-|12V +|(% style="width:75px" %) |(% style="width:57px" %) |The servos are not intended to operate beyond 12V, but can accept the voltage of a charged pack (for example up to 12.6V in the case of a charge 3S Lithium pack)
61		-
62	62	= LSS Actuator - Power =
63	63
64	64	For those who do not intend to use either the LSS adapter or the LSS IO as interface to power the servos, the servos can be powered via the RC cable, or the serial cable. Note that since most RC receivers are intended for standard RC servos, be sure to check the manufacturer's specs before applying more than 6V. Since microcontroller pins cannot provide the current necessary to power the servos, a separate power supply must be used, and a common ground established between the servos, power source and communication source.