Servo Vin: V on the LSS connectors, XT60's Vin and Arduino's Vin (red dot in the picture in left) are connected. Refer to the Voltage section of the LSS - Specifications page for more information on LSS operating voltage.

The LSS adapter allows up to six sets of servos to be connected to the same bus and share the same power supply, which greatly simplifies wiring for more complex robots. For example, the servos used in an 18 degree of freedom hexapod robot can be split into groups of three for each leg.  

Power

(1) XT60 Connector for 6V-12V main external power input (Refer to the Voltage section of the LSS - Specifications page for more information on LSS operating voltage.).

(2) USB 5V power input which powers the FTDI chip and the Bee socket (if no 6V-12V external power input is connected). It doesn't power the servos nor the Arduino.

(3) USB 5V/On-board regulator 5V auto-switching stage. USB is the primary power source for the 5V bus. This means that if both USB and an external power supply are connected, USB will be automatically chosen to power the 5V bus.

(4) Arduino Vin and GND pins. Arduino Vin is connected to the external power supply through a Schottky diode. 

FTDI

The FTDI chip is powered with, either the USB 5V or the onboard 5V regulator through a 6V-12V external power supply via the XT60 connector. If both USB and an external power supply are connected, USB will be automatically chosen to power the FTDI chip.

Arduino

In the case where the LSS Adapter is stacked on top of a shield-compatible Arduino microcontroller board, the Arduino can be powered from the Vin pin which is connected to the external power supply through a Schottky diode. If the Arduino Board is powered separately via a different external power supply (ex. connected to the Arduino's barrel connector), it will NOT provide power to the LSS Adapter. The LSS adapter is designed to power the Arduino, but not vice-versa. As such, it is suggested that only ONE 6-12V power source be connected to the LSS Adapter.

Servos

To power the servos, an external power supply (6V to 12V) is needed (more information in Voltage section of the LSS - Specifications). The external power supply can be a battery or an AC-to-DC wall adapter with a female XT60 connector.

The four pins of all six connectors on the board are connected to one another. Each connector (on both the board and on each servo) can handle a maximum of 3A. The LSS Adapter is intended to provide sufficient current to all six connectors. In higher current applications, be sure to select a power supply / source which can provide the necessary current for all servos.

Each LSS connector on the LSS Adapter is rated for 3A maximum continuous current. Therefore, the maximum number of servos that can be used on each channel/connector will strongly depend on the application and how much current each servo consumes. For example, if an application requires that servos are consuming 500mA (each), 6 LSS can be used on one connector/channel. Please refer to the  LSS - Specifications - Performance Graph to estimate the current consumption based on torque.

Arduino

Serial

To use the LSS Adapter Board with an Arduino microcontroller board, the mode selection switch should be in place next to "Arduino", between the "XBee" and "USB" positions. This configuration allows communication with the LSS actuators from an Arduino Board and can be used to build autonomous or semi-autonomous robots. When "Arduino" is selected on the communication switch:

• Arduino's Rx (digital 0) <-> LSS actuator's Tx pin
• Arduino Tx (digital 1) <-> LSS actuator's Rx pin

This way, the Arduino communicates with the LSS actuator through the LSS Adapter Board. Note that the Arduino's GND pins are all connected to the LSS Adapter's GND. The XBEE-USB jumpers do NOT need to be in place.

Software Serial

Digital pins 8 and 9 are also connected on the board in order to use software serial. This allows the Arduino to communicate with both the LSS servos which are connected to the LSS adapter, as well as an external module connected to the Bee socket. Should no Bee module be connected, the software serial pins can still be used when the switch is placed in XBee mode. 

• XBee Tx <-> D9 <-> LSS Rx
• XBEE Rx <-> D8 <-> LSS Tx

Stacking

The LSS Adapter is Arduino shield compatible, and additional shields can be stacked on top of the adapter. The pin connections are as follows:

• D0 <->  LSS Tx (switch in Arduino or XBee modes)
• D1 <-> LSS Rx (switch in Arduino or XBee modes)
• D8 <-> LSS Tx  (switch in XBee mode)
• D9 <-> LSS Rx  (switch in XBee mode)
• V <-> VCC
• G / GND <-> GND
• D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D10, D11, D12, D13, AREF, SDA, SCL: Pass through only
• A0, A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, 5V, 3.3V, RST, IOREF: Pass-through only 

The male to female (M/F) stacking headers suggested are 0.1" (2.54mm) pitch, 16mm male (or higher) contact length + female header (1x 6 pin, 2x 8 pin, 1x 10 pin). If no additional shields are stacked on top of the adapter, M/M headers can be used. 

USB

(1) Switch to USB

(2) Mini USB connected to a USB host device

To use the LSS Adapter Board with a standard computer, laptop or Raspberry Pi through USB, the switch should be set to "USB" mode. This configuration allows communication with the LSS actuators by sending serial commands from a USB host device via the FTDI chip. When USB is selected on the communication switch, the FTDI Rx is connected to the LSS actuator's Tx and FTDI Tx is connected to the LSS actuator's Rx. The XBEE-USB jumpers do NOT need to be in place.

As such, the LSS Adapter is indirectly compatible with a Raspberry Pi using the USB connector. The switch needs to be set to USB mode, and the Mini USB connected to one of the Raspberry Pi's USB ports. 

FTDI USB to Serial Drivers

The LSS Adapter uses the FT232RL FTDI chip to convert USB to UART. Most operating systems will automatically detect the FTDI chip and install the correct VCP drivers. In case this is not done automatically, VCP drivers for the FT232RL chip can be downloaded through this link (choose the VCP driver which corresponds to your operating system).

Raspberry Pi & Power

The LSS Adapter's onboard 5V regulator does not provide enough current to power a Raspberry Pi and as such it is recommended that a Raspberry Pi be powered separately using an appropriate 5V, 2A+ USB wall adapter or 5V voltage adapter (for example a 5V portable phone charger). Note that most 5V wall adapters and portable phone chargers cannot provide sufficient current to power both a Raspberry Pi and several servos.

Mounting

The four mounting holes on the LSS adapter line up with the mounting holes of a Raspberry Pi 2 or 3, though it is important to note that the hole diameter of the mounting holes on a Raspberry Pi are 2.5mm, whereas the mounting hole diameter on the LSS Adapter is 3mm. As such, the standard M3 standoffs and screws which are part of the Lynxmotion SES V2 system cannot be used. Standoffs must be sufficiently high in order to clear all pins of the Raspberry Pi.

XBee

(1) Bee socket compatible wireless module

(2) Switch set to XBee mode

Bee Wireless Module

Although the LSS Adapter has no onboard programmable microcontroller, semi-autonomous / wirelessly controlled robots can be created where an external device like a computer, laptop, tablet or microcontroller sends and receives appropriate commands. The external device needs to be equipped with an appropriate wireless device which is capable of sending signals wirelessly to the adapter via a Bee compatible wireless module. When connecting the module, ensure the orientation matches that on the screen. The XBEE-USB jumpers do NOT need to be in place.

Bee Wireless Module + Arduino

Digital pins 8 and 9 of a shield-compatible Arduino are also connected on the board in order to use software serial. This allows an Arduino to communicate with both the LSS servos (which are connected to the LSS adapter) as well as an external module connected to the Bee socket. Should no Bee module be connected, the software serial pins can still be used when the switch is placed in XBee mode.  

• XBee Tx <-> D9 <-> LSS Rx
• XBEE Rx <-> D8 <-> LSS Tx

(1) Bee socket compatible wireless module

(2) Switch set to USB mode

(3) Both XBee to USB jumpers in place

XBee Explorer

The XBee Rx pin and Tx pins are connected to the Arduino's digital pins 8 and 9 respectively. Therefore, the LSS Adapter Board can be also used as a USB XBee explorer board to communicate with and/or configure an XBee module via the FTDI chip. Note that this is the only mode where the XBEE to USB jumpers should be in place. All LSS servos are on the same bus and will receive the same communications taking place between the USB host and XBee module, therefore it is suggested to unplug all other devices (including servos) in this mode.

The PCB measures 64mm x 64mm square (not including connectors, USB and XT60 which protrude from three sides), and the four 3mm diameter mounting holes are located at 49mm x 58mm. Note that although these holes line up with the mounting holes of a Raspberry Pi 2 or 3, the Raspberry Pi's mounting holes are 2.5mm in diameter. 

The low profile female headers extend 7.4mm below the board, and the tallest component on top of the board protrudes 5.22mm.